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[Water_news] 1. DWR'S CALIFORNIA WATER NEWS - Top Items for 11/1/07

Department of Water Resources

California Water News

A daily compilation for DWR personnel of significant news articles and comment

 

November 1, 2007

 

1.  Top Items

 

Quake a reminder of risk for levees - Sacramento Bee

 

Earthquake prompts levee inspections in California's delta - Associated Press

 

Californians Reminded of Danger to Come - Associated Press

 

 

Quake a reminder of risk for levees

Sacramento Bee – 11/1/07

By Carrie Peyton Dahlberg, staff writer

 

The 5.6-magnitude quake that shuddered through the hills northeast of San Jose on Tuesday evening was too small and too distant to pose much threat to Delta levees, state water officials said Wednesday.

 

The temblor, though, did send a reminder jolt about quakes and floods in a state where levee engineers have long considered it too costly to build a system that could withstand both at once.

 

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the state Department of Water Resources recently began re-evaluating how much quake protection a levee truly needs.

 

The issue will take on new importance as the state begins to spend billions in bond money aimed at reinforcing a system of aging earthen walls that protect Sacramento and other communities from floodwaters.

 

"We have been trying to decide how to come to grips with seismic issues for levees," said Les Harder, the state's deputy director of Water Resources.

 

As recently as last year, John Hess, a top engineer with the Army Corps of Engineers in Sacramento, summed up the old view succinctly. The chance of a big quake coming just when high water puts levees under the most structural stress, Hess told the Bee, "is so rare and so incredible that no one would ever design levees for it."

 

Now, though, the corps is working on a technical document that will revisit that view, and probably change it, setting new guidelines for how levees should be certified, said corps spokesman Dave Killam.

 

In addition, the Water Resources Department expects to come out in the next two to three years with updated quake safety guidelines for urban levees that protect the biggest population centers. That will be followed by a statewide plan for 1,600 miles of levees by 2012.

"It could be we decide it's still not worth fixing thousands of miles of levees," said Harder. Instead, the state might opt in some areas for "a more robust repair scheme" that could mobilize quickly on post-quake levee fixes.

 

One area that's especially vulnerable to earthquakes is the Delta. Unlike Sacramento levees, which hold back floodwaters only rarely, the levees around Delta islands are under pressure daily from the waters where bay and river mingle.

 

The state has estimated a massive quake near the Delta could flood as many as 20 or 30 islands, with an in-rush of saltwater that could disable the system that pumps drinking water to much of California. Worst-case damages could reach $60 billion, Harder said.

 

Moderate quakes like Tuesday's aren't what the state worries about.

 

"We don't expect to see serious damage until we're up in the 6-magnitude, or 6.5, and that would have to be fairly close ... either within the Delta or on the western edge," Harder said.

 

Still, the Water Resources Department did coordinate with local levee districts and sent a few engineers out on patrol in the Delta on Wednesday. No damage was found.

 

Inspections also were conducted along south bay and coastal roads by about two dozen state Transportation Department workers immediately after Tuesday's quake, but no problems were found, spokeswoman Lauren Wonder said.

 

The 5.6-magnitude quake, centered in rolling hills about nine miles northeast of downtown San Jose, was "right at the threshold of events that can cause damage," said Jack Boatwright, a seismologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park.

 

There were some toppled chimneys on ranch buildings in what's now a park, and some broken windows, but overall "we got a little bit lucky," Boatwright said. The quake's force "was sort of pointed away from where people live."

 

The quake, on the Calaveras Fault near its juncture with the Hayward fault, might be a precursor of more seismic activity on the Hayward Fault, Boatwright said.

 

The state Office of Emergency Services said the temblor has "significantly increased" quake prospects along the Hayward Fault, which slashes through densely populated East Bay communities. It urged Bay Area residents and government agencies to review their emergency plans. #

http://www.sacbee.com/101/story/465072.html

 

 

Earthquake prompts levee inspections in California's delta

Associated Press – 10/31/07

By Samantha Young, staff writer

 

SACRAMENTO—State and local inspectors examined sections of California's extensive levee system on Wednesday, a day after a moderate earthquake rattled a wide area of northern and central California.

 

Experts said the magnitude-5.6 earthquake, centered about 9 miles northeast of San Jose, was too far from the delta to threaten the state's water supply.

 

"Last night's jolt was not large enough to cause extensive damage, but it's a reminder of what will come," said Les Harder, deputy director of the state Department of Water Resources.

 

The quake's epicenter was at least 30 miles from the southern point of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, but tremors were felt within an 80-mile radius, as far away as Santa Rosa, Sacramento and Monterey.

 

It marked the largest earthquake in Northern California since Loma Prieta in 1989 and the first since Hurricane Katrina underscored the vulnerability of the nation's levees.

 

Studies in the last few years have shown large parts of the delta's 1,600-mile levee system could crumble during an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 or greater.

 

The energy of a major earthquake along the Hayward and Calaveras faults threatens to liquefy the peat soils that were used to build the now-fragile levees built by landowners during the 19th century.

 

A massive levee failure in the delta would cripple California's water supply system, which relies on the inland river delta to feed freshwater from the state's northern rivers to 750,000 acres of farmland and 25 million people in Southern California and the San Francisco Bay area.

 

In an effort to prepare, California voters last November passed nearly $5 billion in bond money to strengthen the delta's levees and improve flood control throughout the state.

 

Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger also convened a task force to devise strategies for managing the delta.

 

As a precaution, the Department of Water Resources dispatched inspectors Wednesday to the delta and instructed several dozen water districts to visually inspect the levees for cracks or water seepage, Harder said.

 

"It's probably the prudent thing to do, and it's good practice," he said.

 

He said more high-tech inspections would not be needed because of the earthquake's low impact on the delta. The agency also planned Wednesday to inspect its pumping plants, reservoirs and canals in the region.

 

Preliminary surveys immediately following Tuesday's earthquake showed only superficial damage at Dos Amigos Pumping Plant, about 85 miles southeast of San Jose, where some plaster fell off the wall, said Department of Water Resources spokesman Ted Thomas. #

http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_7332570?nclick_check=1

 

 

Californians Reminded of Danger to Come

Associated Press – 10/31/07

By Scott Lindlaw, staff writer

 

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — The largest earthquake to hit the San Francisco Bay area in years was a seismic throat-clearing of sorts, compared with the magnitude-7.0 quake that experts anticipate will hit the region in the next 25 years.

 

Tuesday's magnitude-5.6 quake, centered about 9 miles northeast of San Jose, shook nerves and reminded residents of the seven major earthquake faults that run through the region.

 

The quake and the more than three dozen aftershocks that followed — the largest registering magnitude 3.7 on Wednesday afternoon — produced no reports of serious injury or damage, officials said. Tuesday's quake was felt as far away as Santa Rosa, Sacramento and Monterey.

 

Even so, it paled in comparison to the larger one that experts anticipate. That quake will hit one of the seven major faults and pack 60 times the force of Tuesday's quake, said Tom Brocher, a senior U.S. Geological Survey seismologist.

 

Tuesday's quake originated along the Calaveras Fault, which is not thought to be as dangerous as a fault it intersects, the Hayward Fault. Scientists estimate the Hayward Fault has a 27 percent chance of causing a quake of magnitude 6.7 or greater.

 

Historically, severe quakes have occurred on the Hayward Fault every 151 years, give or take 23 years. The last one to hit was in 1868, meaning another could strike soon.

 

The Association of Bay Area Governments estimates a powerful Hayward quake would wipe out about 155,000 housing units, 37,000 in San Francisco alone.

 

Tuesday's quake, which struck shortly after 8 p.m., raised questions about whether a quake hitting the Hayward Fault was now more likely.

 

Under certain circumstances, a quake on one fault can transfer energy to another, adding instability and potentially triggering events on the other fault, seismologists said.

 

By Wednesday morning, a consensus emerged at the U.S. Geological Survey that the previous night's quake did not significantly elevate the likelihood of a dreaded Hayward Fault quake. Tuesday's quake sent ripples of energy largely to the south, while the Hayward Fault extends north from the epicenter, Brocher said.

 

Still, state officials issued an alarming warning.

 

The California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council, a panel of scientists that advises the governor on earthquake forecasts, warned that Tuesday's earthquake "has significantly increased the probability above the normal level for a damaging earthquake along the Calaveras and/or Hayward faults within the next several days."

 

However, the panel said, "the overall likelihood of such an event is still low."

 

In addition to the seven major faults, hundreds of smaller faults form a latticework of cracks beneath the region, perhaps a dozen of which could snap and generate moderate quakes, said David P. Schwartz, chief of the U.S. Geological Survey's Bay Area Earthquake Hazards Project.

 

A hypothetical trench dug around the Bay Area would reveal hundreds of these small fissures, Schwartz said.

 

"The Earth's crust, which has been around for millions of years, has been pushed and pulled in all different directions, and is very broken up," he said. "It's literally cracked up."

 

Meanwhile, state and local inspectors examined sections of California's extensive levee system on Wednesday. Experts said the earthquake's center was too far from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to threaten the state's water supply.

 

"Last night's jolt was not large enough to cause extensive damage, but it's a reminder of what will come," said Les Harder, deputy director of the state Department of Water Resources.

 

A massive levee failure in the delta would cripple California's water supply system, which relies on the inland river delta to feed fresh water from the state's northern rivers to 750,000 acres of farmland and 25 million people in Southern California and the San Francisco Bay area.

 

In an effort to prepare, California voters last November passed nearly $5 billion in bond money to strengthen the delta's levees and improve flood control throughout the state. #

http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5g-JQC5ESySZKfb7WpG_XRBRxNNYwD8SKIDR00

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