Department of Water Resources
California Water News
A daily compilation of significant news articles and comment
August 25, 2009
2. Supply –
Water system on state agenda
San Diego Union-Tribune
San Jose sprays water into the air while asking residents to conserve
San Jose Mercury News
From Sewage to Artichokes
Wastewater recycling and other water-efficiency programs are saving aquifers and helping a famed produce industry thrive
Miller-McCune
Moving ahead with desalination was the right step
Marin Independent Journal
Program cut to hurt nation's driest state
North County Times
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Water system on state agenda
Businesses, agencies want better delivery
San Diego Union-Tribune-8/24/09
By Michael Gardner
Prowling the halls of the Capitol, San Diego business leaders cornered lawmakers and ranking aides to the governor to press their case.
But it wasn't taxes or regulations on their agenda last week. It was an issue carrying equally important consequences for the health of business in the San Diego region: water.
"Companies making major economic decisions are actually weighing water supply," said Andrew Poat, a vice president of the San Diego Regional Economic Development Corp.
Those business executives and local water managers plan to become familiar faces in the Capitol over the next few weeks, a seize-the-moment strategy after Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger and legislative leaders added fixing the state's water system to their to-do list before recessing Sept. 11.
The challenge will be closing sharp divisions over the future of California's water supply, including building dams and a 40-mile delivery canal through or around the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
"We are now on a time clock," said Maureen Stapleton, general manager of the San Diego County Water Authority. "The crisis will only get worse."
The crisis centers in the delta, an economically and environmentally valuable estuary under pressure from water shortages, growth and pollution. The maze of waterways, farmland and subdivisions is roughly the size of Rhode Island.
Despite its distance, the delta is a vital conduit for the San Diego region. More than a third of the water reaching homes and businesses from Chula Vista to Fallbrook flows through the delta.
That's why San Diego water agencies, with the backing of much of the business community, have put a new north-to-south water delivery system at the top of their priority list.
Supporting the cause in Sacramento last week were Debra Reed, president and CEO of San Diego Gas & Electric and Southern California Gas; Doug Hutcheson, president and CEO of Leap Wireless; and Mike Neal, president and CEO of H.G. Fenton, a real estate company.
Building a better delivery system is so important that the water authority and other Southern California agencies have offered to pay construction costs and for some environmental safeguards. Estimates vary wildly, from $7 billion to $17 billion, depending on the size and location of the canal.
"It is a lot of money," Stapleton said. "But to some degree, it's 'put your money where your mouth is.' We're demanding improvements in the delta to improve water reliability."
But it's not as simple as writing a check. The failed Peripheral Canal haunts those pushing new plumbing 27 years later.
"Don't say Peripheral Canal. It's alternative conveyance," said Senate President Pro Tempore Darrell Steinberg, D-Sacramento, with a knowing laugh.
"The delta is unsustainable as it is," Steinberg said, turning serious. "We have to be open to alternative conveyance. But only if there is a co-equal commitment to restore the fragile ecosystem and there is respect for those who live there."
Delta-area residents, farmers and fishermen are sounding alarms. They have aligned with some environmentalists wary of promises to protect fish and wildlife.
"It's all about taking water south," said Charlyn Connor, who grows wine grapes near Sacramento. "They need to stop building in the desert. They killed the Colorado (River) and now they want to kill the delta."
A one-two punch of drought and court-ordered protections for fish has squeezed delta water deliveries to Central Valley farms and Southern California cities. Water shortages combined with a deep recession have idled farmland and farmworkers, transforming main streets in Mendota, Parlier and Caruthers from rows of robust stores to shuttered hulls.
The Rev. Samuel Rodriguez, president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference, sees direct links among water, unemployment and a growing spiritual and moral crisis in the depressed Central Valley.
Domestic violence, alcoholism and drug abuse are on the rise along with the jobless numbers, he said.
"It's morally reprehensible. . . . The church needs to stand up and say enough is enough," said Rodriguez, who believes farms and cities should be first in line when water supplies are short.
At the same time, nets and lines are not being cast for salmon for the second straight year, forcing many commercial fishermen to the docks. If not for those water diversions from farms to fish, they believe their way of life would disappear completely.
"I'm a food producer, the same as the farmer. Our common denominator is water," said Larry Collins, who used to troll for salmon out of San Francisco.
Even as jobs evaporate, fish numbers plummet and the delta nears collapse, deep political divisions have stalled progress.
And as if closing a deal over dams and a new canal isn't challenging enough, another obstacle has emerged to further divide the governor and lawmakers as they chart a new course on water.
Democrats intend to move ahead with a package of measures aimed at restoring the delta, including establishing an agency and "water master" with broad powers. New fee authority is also in the mix.
"We don't need more bureaucracy. We need more water," said Sen. Dave Cogdill of Modesto, a Republican leader on water issues.
Cogdill and Schwarzenegger promote more reservoirs as part of a statewide bond measure, which will require a two-thirds vote of the Legislature to pass.
Steinberg says he will consider a smaller bond, but it is not the top priority.
"I want to make sure we first get the policy right on how to restore the delta and then deal with the issue of water supply reliability," Steinberg said.
That drew an immediate and pointed warning from Schwarzenegger: Pass a water bond that includes new storage or he will veto related bills.
"We need a whole package to restore our water today and ensure we have water for tomorrow," the governor said.
The county water authority is monitoring the debate over reservoirs, but is reserving its political pull for a new canal. The water authority has committed nearly $1 billion to several local reservoir expansions, including $600 million to raise San Vicente Dam. Many Democrats, still stinging from being forced to drastically slash funding for social programs and education, are reluctant to take on even more debt to build reservoirs that they are not convinced are necessary.
For example, the governor's $11.7 billion bond proposal from last year would have taken $760 million a year to pay off over 30 years, according to the nonpartisan legislative analyst.
Assemblywoman Mary Salas, a Chula Vista Democrat involved in water talks, said it's important to review all potential sources, including reservoirs, groundwater, conservation and desalination.
But she, too, places a priority on protecting the state's water hub.
"If you don't save the delta, then it doesn't matter how many dams you build," Salas said. "The whole system collapses."
Regardless of the challenge, Steinberg insists a deal is within reach for a Legislature and state facing a host of difficult issues.
"I want to get water done. I do – because I also think the institution and the state need a big win," he said.#
http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/aug/24/1n24water232341-concern-water-supply-pressed/
San Jose sprays water into the air while asking residents to conserve
San Jose Mercury News-8/25/09
By John Woolfolk
Parched by a third year of drought, San Jose residents have been told to ease off the tap. They've suffered through the summer with wilting lawns, shorter showers and fewer loads of wash.
But over at their gleaming City Hall, gallons of drinking water are gushing into the air from a decorative feature that some say mocks their sacrifice with a cool mist.
"I'm trying desperately to cut back and I see this City Hall just spraying water into the air," said Gene Kohara of San Jose. "I wish I could use that to water my lawn. It's turning brown."
City officials say the fine spray from the decorative misting vanes uses little water. Facilities Manager Matt Morley said the misters spray an annual total of just 230 gallons of water, an average of only 41/2 gallons a week during the half of the year that they operate.
That weekly average is about the same as three flushes of a modern, low-flow toilet or about a tenth the water used in a typical bath.
A computerized weather station turns the vanes on from May through October only when temperature rises and humidity and wind speed drop to levels that would make the cooling mist welcome, Morley said.
"It's very minimal," Morley said, "because it's atomized so fine."
But spraying those cool clouds outside City Hall seemingly contradicts the dictate from officials within. The City Council in May declared a water shortage and called for mandatory conservation for the rest
of the year, including suggested monthly and daily limits for people supplied by the city's municipal water service, to meet a 15 percent reduction goal.
San Jose Water Corp., the private utility serving most city residents, has made similar conservation demands. (There are currently no penalties in the city, however, for excessive use.)
The Santa Clara Valley Water District, the region's principal wholesale supplier, said the requested 15 percent reduction comes to 20 gallons a day for residents. Shortening your shower by just 5 minutes or using a broom instead of a hose to clean sidewalks gets you three-quarters of the way there. Reducing lawn watering by just one minute saves the full 20 gallons.
Asked whether the City Hall misters cloud the conservation message, district spokeswoman Susan Siravo said: "We appreciate that San Jose has really stepped up and supported our call for water conservation, so I hate to be critical."
Morley said that because the City Hall on Santa Clara Street, completed in 2005, makes extensive use of recycled water — for instance, to flush its toilets and irrigate its landscaping — it is 80 percent more efficient than a comparable building plumbed throughout with potable water like the old City Hall on First Street.
That helped qualify the new structure for the U.S. Green Building Council's highest "platinum" rating in its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED, certification program.
Health regulations prohibit using recycled water in the misting vanes, Morley said, though it is used in the rock fountain below. Like the fountain, the 20- to 28-foot stainless steel misting vanes are mostly decorative, part of an artwork called "Waterscape" by Anna Valentina Murch and Douglas Hollis that simulates the spray of a gushing brook.
The faux fog they emit also cools the civic center plaza for visitors and beleaguered bureaucrats huffing through the summer heat over to 4th Street Pizza at midday for a slice. But the vanes are not needed to cool the nearby glass rotunda, Morley said: "That is one of those urban myths."
Kohara says he can understand all that, and he admits the misters look nice. But he still feels that in times of shortage, City Hall should heed its own conservation message.
"I'm all for city beautification," Kohara said, "but when the city is telling the people to cut back, they should cut back."#
http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_13180051?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com
From Sewage to Artichokes
Wastewater recycling and other water-efficiency programs are saving aquifers and helping a famed produce industry thrive.
Miller-McCune-8/25/09
By Julia Griffin
Wastewater recycling and other water-efficiency programs are saving Monterey County, Calif., aquifers and helping a famed produce industry thrive.
With a blue plaid button-up shirt tucked in his jeans and a pair of ballpoint pens protruding from his front pocket, Chris Drew doesn't look much like a farmer until he puts on a pair of dirt-caked, orange leather gloves and begins trouncing through rows of 3-foot-tall artichoke plants.
"Do you like big ones or small ones?" Drew, a production manager for Sea Mist Farms, shouts through a light mist.
"Doesn't matter," I call back to him, wriggling my black patent-leather heels from a suction cup of thick mud. "But the bigger the stem, the better. That's the best part."
Forging a path through thistle jungle, Drew retrieves a knife from his belt and slices two artichoke heads from their stems. "Watch the spines," he says, carefully placing them in my hands.
The acres of fruit and vegetable fields Drew oversees don't look much different than the average commercial agriculture area. Plots of artichokes commingle with rows of immature lettuce. Nearby, sprinklers rhythmically pulsate above freshly tilled ground; in the distance, white plastic carefully protects strawberry plants from the underlying dirt.
But the fields around Castroville, Calif. — in all, nearly 12,000 acres of commercial cropland separating the Salinas Valley from Monterey Bay — are different from most other agricultural areas in one important way: They are irrigated with water recycled from urban sewage.
For most people — especially those not living in arid areas of the southwestern United States — the phrase "toilet to tap" elicits unpleasant images. Even in water-strapped California, only about 500,000 acre-feet of recycled water — just 1 percent of the total — are used each year.
But population growth and other factors, including climate change, are dictating that California and other dry states become more efficient in their use of water. One water-treatment facility has found a way to really get the most out of its water, perhaps charting the course for other thirsty areas of California.
"Not only were we the first, but we're the largest raw-food crop-water recycling project in the world [that] we know of," says Keith Israel, general manager of the Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency.
The agency's regional treatment facility, which blends into the flat agricultural terrain so completely that you might not know it existed unless you were told, intercepts 20 million gallons of sewage water from 12 communities dotting the Monterey Bay coastline every day, treating the wastewater and recycling it to 30 Castroville growers via a system of purple pipes.
The recycled water supplies about two-thirds of the growers' total water needs, greatly reducing the use of well water and slowing the intrusion of ocean water into the area's freshwater aquifers.
An 11-year study — reviewed and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, California Department of Public Health, the Centers for Disease Control and the U.S. Department of Agriculture — showed that water from the treatment facility poses no risk to farmworkers.
The study also found no salmonella, E. coli or other viable pathogens of public health concern in the recycled water. As an added bonus, the recycled water contains more nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous — all beneficial nutrients commonly found in fertilizers — than well water.
"We're confident that we are the safest growers," Drew says. "And the people who thought of this were our saving grace."
The reasoning behind Monterey County's water-recycling program stretches back more than 30 years. In the 1970s, Castroville's commercial agriculture community was at a crossroads.
Farmers who had been growing artichokes, lettuce and broccoli in the area since the 1940s were watching their groundwater aquifers steadily being compromised. Instead of sinking like those in areas of California's Central Valley, where water levels had declined as much as 30 feet, Monterey County's freshwater aquifers were sucking in salty ocean water like a sponge.
The aquifers in Monterey County are stacked like a gigantic three-layer cake; as farmers drew water from the top two, they became heavily contaminated by seawater intrusion. By the time the treatment plant was completed in 1997, seawater had infiltrated the upper 180-foot-deep aquifer almost 6 miles inland and the second 400-foot-deep aquifer nearly 3 miles inland.
At the time, the only other viable source for water was the lowest of the three aquifers. At 900 feet, it would have been a costly pumping operation for water whose quality was not only uncertain, but also the last untapped source in the region.
Without the regional treatment plant and its "tertiary" treatment facilities — which provide the third and final step in the water recycling process, making water finally "gulpable" — it would only have been a matter of time until the Castroville fields went fallow.
"A lot of the areas out here are multigenerational farms," Israel says. "No one wanted to get to the point where the only use for this land is urban development.
The agricultural land we have out here really adds to the ambience of the community." Not to mention community pride: Each May, the annual Artichoke Festival celebrates the fact that 70 percent of the artichokes grown in United States come from the Castroville area, and 90 percent of them are irrigated with recycled water.
Actually, only two-thirds of the water flowing through the 45 miles of purple pipelines extending from the regional treatment plant to the farms is recycled; water is still being pumped from the aquifers.
But because less groundwater comes from the supplemental wells, seawater intrusion has slowed 30 to 40 percent. "We've been in operation now for about 11 years," Israel says. "That's about 40 billion gallons of water that hasn't been pumped out of the ground."
But plans are afoot to make the water system in Monterey County even more efficient.
In a given year, only about 60 percent of the water entering the regional treatment plant is recycled and distributed to the Castroville farms. While urban sewage enters the facility at a steady pace throughout the year, a farmer's demand for water is not so linear.
From October to February, when fewer crops are growing and winter storms pass through the region, the demand for recycled water is so low that the facility must release excess treated water to Monterey Bay through an outfall pipe that extends 2 miles offshore.
During the summer, the opposite occurs. "In the summer time, the farmers use every drop of water we can produce," Israel says. But since the growers need more water than the 12 contributing coastal municipalities can produce in sewage, the groundwater pumping continues — albeit to a smaller degree.
Israel does expect the amount of sewage water coming to the recycling plant to increase over time as Salinas and the other Monterey communities grow and the civilian redevelopment of Fort Ord, a former U.S. Army post closed in 1994, resumes. "Once the economy turns around and the developers believe they can sell houses again, I believe there's going to be about 6,000 new homes built," he says. "That's going to mean more sewage, and we'll be able to supply more water to the growers."
But the Monterey water pollution control agency knows this additional water won't be sufficient for the growers' summer needs. In fact, the growing municipal water use means more groundwater will be pumped.
So in an effort to become more sustainable, the Monterey County Water Resource Agency — a sister agency of the Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency — decided to design and install a rubber dam on the Salinas River, which divides the Castroville farm region as it flows out to Monterey Bay.
Approved by the Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the dam will be inflated from April through October; beginning next year, it will retain winter storm water released from the Nacimiento Dam upstream.
Deflating the bladder in the winter will reduce negative environmental impacts, minimize sediment build up in its small retention reservoir and allow adult steelhead to migrate upstream from the ocean to spawn. (A fish ladder will allow steelhead to exit the reservoir when the dam is inflated.)
After treatment, the water stored behind the rubber dam will be mixed with recycled water and distributed to growers through the purple recycling pipes. Israel believes this additional water will supplement, if not fully replace, well water drawn during the dry, high-demand summer season and leave more water in the ground. "With the rubber dam, if you have several dry years in a row, there may be no water to release down the river," he says, "but at least then you'll have the backup wells and the groundwater they draw from."
Although the dam will retain winter precipitation for summer use, the Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency is already making plans, when funding becomes available, for another water-efficiency measure: a groundwater replenishment project that would inject secondarily treated wastewater back into the ground during the rainy season.
The project would be similar to one instituted in Orange County, which has been injecting purified sewage water into its coastal aquifer since January 2008.
"A few years ago, people were saying, 'You guys aren't real smart. You don't have any external water — state, federal or otherwise — coming in, and you have seawater intrusion,'" Israel remembers, but he hopes the regional treatment plant has created a water-use template other cities and agricultural areas can build on, even if they don't produce 68 million pounds of artichokes a year.
"From an energy perspective and a sustainability perspective, to be able to use all of our product and use it a second time makes a lot of sense."#
http://www.miller-mccune.com//science_environment/from-sewage-to-artichokes-1381
Moving ahead with desalination was the right step
Marin Independent Journal-8/25/09
Editorial
It is ironic to hear people criticizing the Marin Municipal Water District for "rushing" toward building a desalination plant.
District leaders have been weighing the costs and benefits of desalination for many years. In 2002, the board voted 3-2 to start exploring a desalination plant as part of its strategy to meet MMWD's long-term water needs.
Another irony is that the majority in that vote were the directors with the closest ties to Marin's environmental community. One them was Jared Huffman, now our assemblyman. He pushed desalination as the district's only viable source for new water.
Since that vote, there have been studies, tests, endless hours of debate and much hemming and hawing by district leaders.
In 2005, a $1.2 million pilot plant was built near the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. The plant demonstrated that the district could turn bay water into clean, drinkable water.
Last week, MMWD's board voted 4-0 to take another step toward building a desalination plant. The vote not only was an important milestone, it was the right thing to do. The board also showed political courage in the face of vocal opposition when it voted to accept an environmental impact report on the proposed plant.
Opponents were outspoken at last week's meeting, urging the board to reject the report and kill the plant. Critics, including some of Marin's environmental leadership, contend that the district can meet its future needs through conservation.
The board is skeptical of a conservation-only strategy. So are we.
This also was not the final decision on building a desalination plant that has an estimated construction price tag of $105 million. There will be more votes and more opportunities to debate the pros and cons of a desalination plant.
A district-commissioned poll showed that 58 percent of voters surveyed generally support building a desalination plant. That level of support certainly made the board's decision easier.
Critics of desalination challenge the district long-held stance that MMWD cannot meet its water-supply needs through conservation, let alone weather a prolonged drought.
Some former critics of desalination now support moving forward, among them MMWD chairman Larry Russell, who when he was elected in 2004 ran on a platform that maintained that conservation could meet the district's long-term water needs.
MMWD has been promoting conservation for years and has achieved impressive savings. Can the district and users do more? Certainly. But even aggressive conservation measures will not be enough to guarantee a dependable long-term water supply, especially if there is a long drought.
In 2005, when MMWD launched its test plant, Huffman said: "MMWD is taking an important step toward a future in which Marin residents will be protected against major economic and environmental hardships during droughts."
Marin needs to do everything it can to make sure it doesn't run out of water. The vote to keep pursuing desalination is an indication of how seriously the board takes that obligation.
We support the board's decision to move forward and appreciate its open and methodical approach. To abandon desalination at this stage and bank on questionable promises of a conservation-only strategy would be a serious mistake.#
http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_13198151?IADID=Search-www.marinij.com-www.marinij.com
Program cut to hurt nation's driest state
North County Times-8/24/09
By Martin Griffith (Associated Press)
The most arid state in the nation is about to become drier.
Nevada will lose enough water to supply 130,000 households annually because the state's cloud-seeding program is being closed due to budget cuts.
Tom Swofford, field operations manager for the program, said 65,000 acre-feet of water a year will be lost, a reduction that will affect ranchers, recreation and wildlife. An acre-foot is about 326,000 gallons, enough to cover an acre a foot deep or supply about two households for a year.
The renowned program, operated by the Reno-based Desert Research Institute, squeezed 5 to 15 percent more snow from storms to increase the winter snowpack, which provides summertime water to the thirsty state, according to Swofford.
"That's a lot of water going away. It's kind of shortsighted for the driest state in the country," said Swofford, one of four program employees who will lose their jobs.
Nevada's average annual precipitation of 9.5 inches is by far the lowest in the nation, said Jim Ashby of the Western Regional Climate Center in Reno. Next are Utah at 12.22 inches and Wyoming at 12.92 inches.
DRI President Stephen Wells said he was forced to cut the cloud-seeding program because of 15 percent cuts imposed by the cash-strapped state. Cloud-seeding was DRI's largest single state-funded program at an annual cost of $550,000. About $10 million of the research institute's $50 million-plus budget comes from the state.
"To get to $2 million-plus in cuts, it requires some large-ticket items that didn't hurt our core mission of the highest quality of research in environmental sciences," Wells said of the nonprofit research center that is part of Nevada's higher education system.
While important, Wells said the program wasn't as critical as some others.
"It makes me sick to my stomach to cut it," he said.
Dan Gralian, president of the Nevada Cattlemen's Association, said cloud-seeding has a proven record in helping nourish grassy rangelands for livestock and wildlife.
"I'm really disappointed," he said. "If we can get more moisture from every bit of clouds that go over us, it'll do us a lot of good in this arid environment we have."
The program's demise also mean less irrigation water for hay that sustains cattle over winter, said Mike Riordan, an Elko County rancher. That will force ranchers to buy more hay or trim herd sizes, he said.
As a world leader in wintertime, cloud-seeding technology, DRI draws experts from around the globe in search of its expertise, said Joe Busto, a physical science researcher for the Colorado Water Conservation Board in Denver.
The institute pioneered the research and development of modern cloud-seeding generators and equipment, Busto said, and their design has been copied worldwide.
"This program cut has kind of more national and global implications because other states and countries have relied on DRI's expertise," Busto said.
The institute, which has 300 research projects under way on several continents, launched the cloud-seeding program in the 1970s and began receiving state funding for it in the early 1980s.
Now, more than 25 countries have similar programs, including Australia, Canada, China and India. In the U.S., California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming do cloud-seeding.
DRI operated six cloud-seeding generators in the Sierra Nevada range and 23 generators in Nevada, Swofford said. The mountaintop generators released silver iodide particles into clouds to coax more moisture from storms in northern Nevada where the state's agricultural activity is centered.
The cut is occurring at a time when Nevada is in a drought, and when other Western states are either expanding or starting cloud-seeding programs, Swofford said.
"It's particularly shortsighted when you realize it's not like a light switch," he said. "You can't turn it off and then in two years turn it on again. The people with expertise will be gone."
The cattlemen's association, Nevada Farm Bureau and Elko County Commission have urged lawmakers to save the program. A spokesman for Gov. Jim Gibbons said they should contact the Board of Regents, which sets priorities for the state's higher education system.
"Our state budget is just hanging on. It's up to regents how that money is spent," said Dan Burns, acknowledging that regents are challenged by the budget crunch.
Wells said he's seeking alternative funding to save the program but faces slim odds because of the poor economy. He said he particularly wants to continue cloud-seeding in the Walker River watershed to try to help save Walker Lake, about 130 miles south of Reno.
The lake has been dying a slow death for more than a century, robbed of its lifeblood by drought, agriculture and evaporation.#
http://www.nctimes.com/news/science/article_91d4b8b6-ed92-5b18-9d34-4a2eaca92cfe.html
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