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[Water_news] 5. DWR'S CALIFORNIA WATER NEWS: AGENCIES, PROGRAMS, PEOPLE - 9/8/08

Department of Water Resources

California Water News

A daily compilation of significant news articles and comment

 

September 8, 2008

 

 

 

GREAT BASIN RANCH: WRANGLING OVER WATER : Southern Nevada Water Authority stamps its brand on the land

Las Vegas Review Journal- 9/7/08

Landscape rules on how much lawn is enough differ by city: Depending on what city you live in (and sometimes what part of your city), the rules vary that govern how much greenery you have . Best to check before ripping out the grass and pouring concrete.

The Los Angeles Times- 9/6/08

 

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GREAT BASIN RANCH: WRANGLING OVER WATER : Southern Nevada Water Authority stamps its brand on the land

Las Vegas Review Journal- 9/7/08
STORY By HENRY BREAN

 

When the branding begins, Brandon Humphries is on horseback, his lasso turning slow loops in the air above a herd of nervous calves.

 

One by one, he snares the animals by their hind legs and drags them to a waiting group of ranch hands, who go to work with vaccine guns and an electric iron.

 

The air fills with white smoke and the smell of scorched hair.

 

After about an hour of this, Humphries climbs down from the saddle and right into the path of a calf that has slipped away from the ground crew. He wrestles the 200-pound animal to the ground, then pops back up with a grin on his face and a splash of green manure across the front of his long-sleeved work shirt.

 

He looks down at the stain and shrugs. "Shirt was going to get dirty eventually anyway," he says.

 

A scene like this is not unusual in the lonesome valleys of White Pine County. This kind of work has been going on here for more than a century.

What's strange is who Humphries' boss is.

 

Last year the Southern Nevada Water Authority hired him to run the string of ranches it now owns in Spring Valley, about 40 miles east of Ely. His authority-issued business cards identify him as "ranch manager," a position that rarely, if ever, shows up in the staff directory of a major municipal water supplier.

 

Humphries' job is to oversee Great Basin Ranch, a collection of seven agricultural operations the authority has snapped up since 2006.

 

The water agency's holdings in Spring Valley now include more than 23,000 acres, 4,000 sheep, 1,700 cows, a working hay farm, and the rights to more than 13 billion gallons of surface water and groundwater each year.

 

The authority also has acquired more than 1 million acres of federal grazing rights, including a sheep range that stretches more than halfway to Las Vegas, some 250 miles away.

 

The purchases were made to support a scheme to tap groundwater across eastern Nevada.

 

By as early as 2013, the authority hopes to start sending water south through a pipeline that is expected to cost between $2 billion and $3.5 billion. Authority General Manager Pat Mulroy has described Spring Valley as the "anchor basin" for the project. More than half of the water destined to one day fill the pipeline is expected to come from there.

 

The water project has stirred fierce opposition, and so have the purchases in Spring Valley.

 

Critics say the authority paid way too much for the ranches and now runs them with a mixture of incompetence and reckless spending.

Rancher and Assemblyman Pete Goicoechea considers it public money down the drain.

 

"If they had to pay for those ranches with the way they're running their livestock, they'd be broke in three years," says the Republican from Eureka. "It doesn't matter who's running them, though. Christ couldn't come off the cross to run those ranches and break even with what they paid for them."

 

But water authority officials insist the deals make sense in the proper context: They didn't buy the ranches for the livestock or the land.

 

They weren't looking to break into the cattle industry or set up a rural retreat where city folk could play cowboy for a weekend. They were after one thing.

 

"We're paying market value for water," Humphries explains. "We're not buying a ranch for a ranch."

 

And if authority officials have their way, at least some of their new groundwater holdings in Spring Valley will be sent down the pipeline to Las Vegas one day.

 

Beyond that, the authority hasn't developed a long-term plan for the ranches yet. Though they are projected to operate at or near the break-even point starting this year, it might not make sense to keep them running as they are forever, officials say.

 

One idea is to open up the land to the state's university system as a sort of living laboratory for agricultural and environmental research. Another idea involves setting aside a portion of the property as a public natural area.

 

Authority Deputy General Manager Dick Wimmer says some changes undoubtedly will be made, but it's too early to say what those might be.

 

In the meantime, authority officials have one very compelling reason to keep ranching and farming on their property: Under Nevada law, you either use your water rights or you lose them.

 

The team

In the first two hours of branding, the water authority's calves stop lowing only once, when a single clap of thunder crashes down from a dark cloud gathering over nearby Wheeler Peak.

 

The animals wait in stunned silence for a few seconds to see what might happen next. Then they start up again.

 

The ranch hands greet the thunder with a holler.

 

Now it's a race against the weather. As any rancher will tell you, it's damned hard to brand a wet calf.

 

Most of these cows and steers were born in Spring Valley within the last 50 days. Each is roped and dragged backward across the grass to ground crew members who restrain it with a metal device known as a Nord fork.

 

In addition to the brand burned onto its right hip, each animal gets two vaccine shots. The males get castrated.

 

When it's over, the calves are turned loose to rejoin their mothers, which seems to calm them instantly.

 

The whole process takes about a minute and moves in a way that suggests an assembly line or a pit stop at a NASCAR race, with one key difference: Cars don't fight back.

 

"It's interesting to see how they do their business, how quick it is," says water authority biologist Zane Marshall, who stops by the corral to watch for a few minutes.

 

After snapping some pictures on his digital camera, he tries his hand once with the branding iron, then heads back out to continue his work.

 

Marshall is in Spring Valley to check on a contract crew hired by the authority to map the area's vegetation. The crew's work will help fill in the detail on aerial photos of the valley.

 

The goal is to catalog the existing flora and fauna so any impacts from the groundwater transfer can be tracked more easily once the pumps are turned on.

 

"It supports long-term monitoring," says Marshall, who manages the authority's Environmental Resources Division.

 

His team is also tracing the movements of sage grouse in the valley. Five of the birds have been fixed with radio telemetry collars, a process that sounds a lot easier than it ought to be.

 

Basically, Marshall says, you find them where they roost at night, shine a spotlight in their eyes and crank some loud music.

 

"Def Leppard or Metallica," he says. "It depends on when you were born."

 

Then you just scoop up the stunned birds with a net.

 

Humphries, who went along on one of the grouse roundups, says ranchers and wildlife biologists don't often mix, let alone collaborate as they do at Great Basin Ranch.

 

"Usually he doesn't like what I'm doing, and I don't like what he's going to do," Humphries says of a biologist like Marshall. "Here we're colleagues on the same team working for the same purpose."

 

On the ground

Spring Valley is a patchwork quilt of sagebrush, greasewood and meadow grass, stitched here and there with stream-fed ribbons of willow and silver maple trees. It is also a science textbook flipped open to the chapter on basin and range geology.

 

At about 25 miles wide and 110 miles long, it runs north-south between mountain blocks that rise sharply on either side like Cenozoic parentheses.

 

To the west is the Schell Creek Range, to the east the Snake Range, crowned by Wheeler Peak, Nevada's second highest summit at 13,063 feet.

 

The so-called "Loneliest Road in America," U.S. Highway 50, crosses the valley's midsection like a belt, its buckle the junction where U.S. 93 arrives from the south.

 

The authority bought its first ranch here in 2006. Within a year, Nevada's largest wholesale water supplier owned more private land in the valley than anyone else.

 

The almost $79 million buying frenzy has led some to predict that the authority could one day own all of the private property in Spring Valley.

 

The water authority's Mulroy won't rule that out, but she doesn't think it will be necessary.

 

"The strategic ranches we needed to protect sensitive species in the area we got. And the ranches with the greatest opportunity for reinjecting water into the groundwater table, we got those, too," she says.

 

As Wimmer explains it, Great Basin Ranch is "not looked at as a profit center" but as a "holistic" way to manage Spring Valley's water and environmental resources. As a result, he says, what goes on there at times might bear little resemblance to a typical livestock operation, where the bottom line is all there is.

 

Already, the authority is busy upgrading equipment, examining ways to improve water efficiency, and opening the property up to a small army of hydrologists and biologists whose primary mission is to make the pipeline pay off.

 

The authority's opponents see a more sinister motive at work.

 

"The only reason they bought those ranches was to provide a buffer. If they own them there's no one there to cry foul" if the water table drops, Assemblyman Goicoechea says. "They can say what they want, but that's why they bought the valley."

 

The cowboy lawmaker does agree with Las Vegas water officials on one point: They aren't running their ranches in a way he's ever seen.

"There's some things they've done that have some people in the industry grinning," he says.

 

At a recent livestock auction, for example, Great Basin Ranch agreed to some unusual sale conditions for its calves that could needlessly stress the animals and reduce their value when they are weighed for delivery in the fall, Goicoechea says. "They were the laughingstock of the auction."

 

Not everyone is upset by the authority's presence in Spring Valley.

 

Dennis Eldridge ranches on neighboring land that has been in his family since 1917. He thinks the authority is "doing fine" so far.

"They do things a little differently, but they've been fine with us," he says. "They've been a good neighbor."

 

It should be noted that the Eldridge family is in talks to sell its 6,300-acre spread to the authority. It should also be noted that Dennis Eldridge has a reputation for speaking his mind.

 

He says some fellow ranchers are jealous of Great Basin Ranch's new equipment and bottomless financial backing. Others just don't like change.

 

He says people are always anxious at first when a "foreign entity" moves into the valley, especially one affiliated with the government, which he jokingly refers to as "the big thumb."

 

As far as Eldridge is concerned, though, it's the people on the ground who count.

 

"Brandon's always been a good neighbor," he says. "He's helped us even before they (the authority) came along."

 

Along with Humphries, the authority directly employs three ranch hands, two of them college graduates with degrees in plant or animal science.

 

About 30 contract workers make up the rest of the staff. Some are here from Mexico and Peru on work visas that allow them to stay for months or years at a time.

 

There's plenty of work to go around, especially on branding day.

 

Several members of the day's crew were up before the sun, moving wheel lines that keep the alfalfa green and tending to the two dairy cows that keep the ranch supplied with milk.

 

Ranch hand Latara Pickering has logged 127 hours of work in the last two weeks.

 

Her brother, Matt Pickering, literally can't remember the last time he had a vacation. Ask him, and he has to think about it for a minute. "I went and picked up my brother at the airport," he finally says.

 

To brand every new calf on the ranch takes six full days scattered over three weeks. After that, the animals are turned out for five months to graze and pack on about 250 pounds each.

 

In early November, the animals will be loaded into trailers and trucked to their final stop before the slaughterhouse: a ranch near California where they will be "finished" with more grazing aimed at adding another 500 pounds of beef.

 

Humphries says the cattle operation near Bakersfield, Calif., agreed to buy the authority's first full batch of calves based on a video of the animals that was shown during an Aug. 1 auction in Winnemucca.

 

When a smaller group of cows and steers were sold and shipped off the ranch last fall, the line of cattle trucks stretched for a mile, he says.

 

Back in the saddle

A water utility with ranch property is not as unusual as you might think.

 

The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California leases some of its land for agricultural use. So do Denver Water, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, and several municipal water companies in Arizona.

 

What makes the arrangement in Spring Valley unusual is the water authority's decision to staff its property rather than lease it.

 

For Humphries, that meant a new opportunity at an opportune time.

 

"At that point, I needed a job," he says. "I knew the ranch, and they needed someone to look after their investment."

 

Humphries moved to Spring Valley eight years ago from Cedar City, Utah, to help his uncle run a hay farm.

 

When his uncle sold the place to the water authority in April 2007, Humphries suddenly found himself out of work.

 

Mulroy says Humphries seemed like the natural choice to look after the authority's livestock.

 

"It's not like we plucked somebody who has never done this before," she says. "We're going to the people who know how to do these things.

 

"The decisions on running those (ranches) are Brandon's."

 

Before he landed in Spring Valley, Humphries ran a landscaping company, a Mormon bookstore, and a side business that sold old railroad ties in Cedar City.

 

But cowboy life is in his blood.

 

When he was a kid, his family used to spend part of the year on a spread near Gunlock, Utah, where his grandfather kept 120 head of cattle and "we did everything by hand."

 

Humphries first climbed into the saddle at age 6, and within a year he was spending whole days on the range with his grandfather. He rode with blocks of wood taped to his stirrups so his legs would reach.

 

Today, the 36-year-old Humphries lives with his wife and five children in a house with a white rail fence and a sweeping view of Wheeler Peak from the front window.

 

"Basically, I went from operating a 600-acre farm for my uncle to operating a ranch with 1.2 million acres" of rangeland, he says. "It was quite a change."

 

Show 'em

On this day, Humphries and his branding crew get lucky. The clouds hold off until the last calf is done.

 

When the sky finally opens up around noon, what comes down is snow, a rarity for early June on the more-than-mile-high valley floor.

 

The weather is a mixed bag, Humphries says. It's good for the hay crop, but it also means two guys will have to go out on graders the next day to make sure the roads through the ranch are passable.

 

"In the ranch business in Spring Valley, what you deal with is too much water or not enough water," he says. "Both are occurring right now on the ranch."

 

Reaction to Humphries and his employer in White Pine County seems a little like that, too. It arrives in a trickle or a flood, some of it good, most of it bad.

 

Humphries predicts the anger and suspicion will fade over time, as "people come to realize we're here to be part of the community."

Until then, he knows only one surefire way to silence the critics: "Show 'em."

 

"That's what we do day by day," Humphries says. "We're under the microscope."#

http://www.lvrj.com/news/27968154.html

 

 

 

Landscape rules on how much lawn is enough differ by city: Depending on what city you live in (and sometimes what part of your city), the rules vary that govern how much greenery you have . Best to check before ripping out the grass and pouring concrete.

The Los Angeles Times- 9/6/08

By Diane Wedner, Staff Writer

KEEPING that thick, verdant blanket of grass watered in these dog days of summer is about as economical and conservation-minded an enterprise as gassing up the family SUV for the weekly commute or a long-distance vacation. It costs a bundle, and pretty soon you have to do it all over again.

But before yanking out the Marathon and replacing it with concrete or AstroTurf, it's best to check out the myriad landscaping rules, regulations and ordinances individual municipalities enforce. Just because Los Angeles homeowners can put, pour or plant nearly anything in their frontyards doesn't mean Long Beach residents can too.

 

 Equally confounding is that some cities are promoting water conservation, while still requiring that yards be at least half grass. Officials are scrambling to catch up with a conservation movement that many of its residents already have embraced.

"It's hard, because changing the zoning ordinances is a long process," said Jesse Brown, assistant planner for Burbank. "It can take a year and needs City Council approval."

Add to that the different philosophies among city planning departments, and headaches are born.

 

"We have almost no regulations whatsoever," said Michael O'Brien, a planning associate for Los Angeles.

"If you want to plant a drought-tolerant garden, you can," said Glendale's Neighborhood Services Administrator Sam Engle. "As long as you follow the guidelines."

And therein lies the rub, or shrub, if you will: If you're going Sahara, check in first with local government.

Longtime Burbank homeowners Margie and Louis Dell had Laramee Haynes do the checking for them. The Pasadena landscaper told the couple that they could implement their drought-tolerant design, which included pebbles and recycled concrete, as long as they met the city's requirement that no more than 45% of their front- and street-facing yards be hard-scaped.

He tore out their tired turf and replaced it with flowering paprika yarrow, lilac verbena, red California fuchsia, deer grass and oak trees, all anchored by redwood mulch. Window planters are filled with succulents.

The driveway, once a solid mass of concrete, now is made of pebbles and broken recycled concrete. A brook filled with recycled water flows through the backyard and spills into a pond stuffed with goldfish that feed on mosquitoes and algae.

The Dells got fired up to make the changes after attending a Burbank water conservation workshop.

A trip to the Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers and Native Plants in Sun Valley, where a botanist explained drought-tolerant landscaping, sealed the deal. The nonprofit organization promotes native gardens and offers more than 300 varieties of native plants for sale.

"Our neighbors love our garden," Margie Dell said of her new landscaping, which requires watering only twice a year. "They want to know how to do it."

Jim Brophy's neighbors had a different reaction when he ripped out the expansive front lawn of his new home and went native in the Park Estates neighborhood of Long Beach about 18 months ago.

After learning about the benefits of water conservation, he planted manzanita shrubs, a palo verde tree, rosemary, Russian sage and other native species, which provide color year-round and require limited water. He's reduced yard clippings, he said, and is proud that with no edging or mowing, he's doing his part to cut down on the use of fossil fuels.

His neighbors, however, haven't shared his enthusiasm.

"The homeowners association said that I hadn't talked it up to the board, and at an open house I attended, I heard remarks that my yard was weird and ugly," Brophy said.

"The irony is that people visiting the house for sale next door to me now stop by my house and tell me they love my garden. They want to know who did it and how."

In Long Beach, a sustainability commission has been created to focus on new landscaping standards that may permit more hardscape, said Craig Beck, director of Long Beach Development Services.

 

Currently, the rules vary by neighborhood, he said, but lawn is required on a fair-sized portion of residential properties.

"We don't want 100% hardscaping, because we're big on open space here," Beck said. "But we do encourage environmental responsibility, and we will encourage more drought-tolerant landscaping with native plants."

 

 To find out about your city's landscaping and lawn-watering rules, visit city websites and click on the links to planning or community development departments.

Here is a sampler of some Southland cities' regulations:

* Los Angeles: There are some landscaping rules, but they're "scattered all over the zoning codes," L.A. City Planning associate O'Brien said. Owners of single-family homes can pretty much do as they please; the city regulates properties with duplexes and larger residential dwellings, which have different rules. Historic Preservation Overlay Zones have their own rules governing landscaping.

 

Note, also, that Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa recently signed an ordinance that doubles fines for residents who repeatedly violate the city's "drought buster" rules, including a ban on watering lawns between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.

For more information, go tocityplanning.lacity.org/.

* Long Beach: Residents are "encouraged" to dedicate no more than 50% of their frontyards to concrete, said Development Services Director Beck. Wood chips and gravel are permitted, up to 100% of frontyards. Rules are set by neighborhood associations; the city "doesn't strictly enforce landscaping regulations," he added. Drought-tolerant measures are encouraged and may soon be required. Go to www.longbeach.gov/plan/pb/zd/ ordin ances/default.asp.

* Glendale: Rules vary with the neighborhoods, most of which require that 40% of setback areas be fully landscaped (not all in one corner of the yard) and that the landscaped areas consist primarily of live plant material. Go to www.ci.glendale.ca.us.

* Burbank: No more than 45% of frontyard and street-facing side yards may be hardscape (concrete, brick, pavers, etc.). Go to www.ci.burbank.ca.us/De partments/deptsa.htm#cdd.

* Riverside: Frontyard landscaping is not regulated, other than requiring that the space be maintained at a quality at least equal to that of the rest of the neighborhood, and that varies by neighborhood. Go to riversideca.gov; click on "municipal code," then "zoning code."

* Irvine: Each of the city's 80 or so master-planned communities has a homeowners association, which decides the landscaping plan. Homeowners seeking a change to their yard must get association approval.

* Santa Barbara: Owners submit landscape plans to the city. Yards of single-family homes must be designed with no more than 20% of the landscaped area planted with grass or plants that are not drought-tolerant. Grass is not allowed on slopes with 20% or greater grades within landscaped areas. Landscaped areas not covered by grass, shrubs or succulents must be covered with mulch. Strict irrigation rules apply. More information is at www.santabarbaraca.gov/Gov ernment/Departments/ComDev/.#

 

http://www.latimes.com/features/home/la-hm-water6-2008sep06,0,6938785.story

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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